Beyin, Bellek ve Sayılar: Diskalkuliye Çok Boyutlu Bir Yaklaşım
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33308/26674874.2025393958Anahtar Kelimeler:
Diskalkuli- Matematik Öğrenme Güçlüğü- Matematik Kaygısı- Çalışma Belleği- Disleksi- Dikkat EksikliğiÖzet
Bu makale, diskalkulinin çok boyutlu yapısını kuramsal ve alanyazın taraması yoluyla ele alarak, Türkiye'de bu alanda sınırlı olan bilimsel birikime katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Diskalkuli, matematiksel becerilerde beklenmedik, kalıcı ve şiddetli güçlüklerle tanımlanan özgül bir öğrenme güçlüğüdür. Çalışmada diskalkulinin gelişimsel ve edinilmiş türleri, genetik-nörobiyolojik temelleri (özellikle paryetal lob ve intraparyetal sulkus bulgularıyla), bilişsel etkenler (sayı hissi, çalışma belleği, dikkat süreçleri) ve çevresel faktörler sistematik olarak incelenmiştir. Yaygınlık oranlarının %3-7 bandında değişmesinin, tanı ölçütleri ve kesme noktalarındaki farklılıklardan kaynaklandığı ortaya konmuştur. Diskalkulinin heterojen yapısı ve disleksi, DEHB gibi eşgörü durumlarıyla sık birlikteliği vurgulanarak, matematik kaygısıyla çift yönlü etkileşimi analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma belleği yetersizliklerinin özellikle görsel-uzamsal ve yürütücü işlev bileşenlerinde belirginleştiği gösterilmiştir. Bulgular, diskalkulinin tek faktörlü açıklanamayan, çok katmanlı bir öğrenme güçlüğü olduğunu doğrulamaktadır. Erken tanı, çok boyutlu değerlendirme ve bireyselleştirilmiş müdahale yaklaşımlarının hem akademik başarı hem de duygusal iyilik hali açısından kritik önem taşıdığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
İndirmeler
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