Relationship of obesity with inflammation

Abstract

The World Health Organization defines obesity as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that poses a risk to health. Inflammation, on the other hand, is the natural defense response of the organism against all kinds of harmful, foreign factors, whether immunological or non-immunological. In cases where inflammation develops against one's own tissues and cannot be adequately controlled, various pathologies including diabetes, obesity, and cancer occur. Leptin affects the immune response at different levels. Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory hormone. It has adverse immune responses with leptin. It stimulates the release of IL-10 and IL-1 receptor agonists, which are anti-inflammatory interleukins. Changes in the levels of these two basic adipokinins may lead to the development and continuity of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation in obesity. It has been shown that the fatty acid pattern of the diet has different effects on inflammation, that saturated fatty acids have a proinflammatory effect that triggers disease development, while omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit steps in disease formation. Inflammation and altered immune response are two important components of obesity. They play a major role in the formation of metabolic diseases associated with obesity. This review, it is aimed to examine the effects of obesity on inflammation and the immune system in light of current information.